Industrial Stainless Steel Material for Round Bars, Pipes, Tubes & Fittings

Stainless steel is a type of steel that contains chromium, which makes it highly resistant to rust and corrosion. Stainless steel is commonly used in many industries, including construction, automotive, and aerospace, due to its durability and aesthetic qualities. Here is a brief description of stainless steel pipe, tube, flange, fastener, fittings, and round bar.

Stainless Steel Material Grades & Applications

Grade Type Key Composition Corrosion Resistance Strength Applications
202 Austenitic Cr: 17-19%, Ni: 4-6%, Mn: 7.5-10% Moderate Good (lower than 304) Kitchen utensils, food processing
304 Austenitic Cr: 18-20%, Ni: 8-10.5% Excellent Good Food industry, chemical containers
316 Austenitic Cr: 16-18%, Ni: 10-14%, Mo: 2-3% Superior Good Marine applications, medical devices
321 Austenitic Cr: 17-19%, Ni: 9-12%, Ti: 5xC% Good Good High-temperature applications, aircraft
409 Ferritic Cr: 10.5-11.75%, Ni: ≤0.5% Moderate Fair Automotive exhaust systems
410 Martensitic Cr: 11.5-13.5%, Ni: ≤0.5% Moderate High Cutlery, valve components
420 Martensitic Cr: 12-14%, Ni: ≤0.5% Moderate High (hardenable) Surgical instruments, knives
431 Martensitic Cr: 16-18%, Ni: 3-5% Good High Pump shafts, fasteners

Stainless Steel Specifications – ASTM, ASME Standards

Standard Grades / Specifications
ASTM A312, A376, A358, A269, A249, A403, A182, A351
ASME SA312, SA376, Pressure SA358, SA269, SA249, SA403, SA182, SA351

Chemical Compositions of Stainless Steel Grades 304, 310 & 316

Grade C Cr Ni Mo Others
304 0.08 18.0 ~ 20.0 8.00 ~ 10.50 – –
304L ~0.030 18.0 ~ 20.0 9.00 ~ 13.00 – –
310S ~0.08 24.0 ~ 26.0 19.0 ~ 22.0 – –
316 ~0.08 16.0 ~ 18.0 10.0 ~ 14.0 2.00 ~ 3.00 –
316L ~0.08 16.0 ~ 18.0 12.0 ~ 15.0 2.00 ~ 3.00 –
316Ti 0.08 16.0 ~ 18.0 10.0 ~ 14.0 2.00 ~ 3.00 Ti 5xC% ~
317L 0.03 18.0 ~ 22.0 11.0 ~ 15.0 3.00 ~ 4.00 –
321 ~0.08 17.0 ~ 19.0 9.00 ~ 13.0 – Ti 5xC% ~
347 0.08 17.0 ~ 19.0 9.00 ~ 13.0 – Nb 10xC% ~

Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Grades 304, 310 & 316

Grade Yield Strength (0.2%)
N/mm²		 Tensile Strength
(N/mm²)		 Elongation (%) Hardness (Hv)
304 205~ 520~ 40~ ~200
304L 175~ 480~ 40~ ~200
310S 205~ 520~ 40~ ~200
316 205~ 520~ 40~ ~200
316L 175~ 480~ 40~ ~200
316Ti 205~ 520~ 40~ ~200
317L 175~ 480~ 40~ ~200
321 205~ 520~ 40~ ~200
347 205~ 520~ 40~ ~200

Physical Properties of Stainless Steel Grades 304, 310 & 316

Grade Specific Heat (J/g °C) Specific Gravity Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (W/m·°C, 20-100°C) Thermal Conductivity (W/m·°C, 100°C)
304 0.50 7.93 17.3 16.3
304L 0.50 7.93 17.3 16.3
310S 0.50 7.98 15.9 14.2
316 0.50 7.98 15.9 16.3
316L 0.50 7.98 15.9 16.3
316Ti 0.50 7.98 15.9 16.3
317L 0.486 7.98 16.5 14.4
321 0.50 7.93 16.7 16.1
347 0.50 7.98 16.7 16.1